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O{cfO{P-Energy Information
Administration -EIA_
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o;/L t]n cy{gLlt / /fhgLlt nfO{ lgolGqt /
lgodgsf] ;fd'lxs k|ofzsf] nflu l:jh/Nof08sf] h]g]efdf !(^) df cf]k]s :yfkgf ul/Psf] xf] h;sf] sfof{no
!(^% b]lv clxn] ;Dd cli6«ofsf] lePgfdf cjl:yt 5. xfn !$ 7"nf t]nsf] Aofkf/
ug]{ /fi6«x? cf]k]sdf ;+nUg 5g. cf]k]s /fi6«n] s"n ljZj pTkfbgsf] $#
k|ltzt t]n pTkfbg u5{. ;g\ @)!$ cl3sf s]lx aif{ o;n] t]nsf] d'No l:y/ /fVg
;s]sf]df To;kl5 t]n /fhgLlt n] nuftf/ efp 36\b} uPsf] 5. t]nsf] d"Nodf ;g\
@)!% sf] clGtd dlxgfdf Pltxfl;s lu/fj6 cfP/ #$=% 8n/ ;Dddf em/]sf]df @)!^ k5L
cf]k]s s} lgu/fgLdf k|lt Aof/]n $^ 8n/ ;Dd sfod ePsf] 5 . cf]k]ssf] lg0f{on]
;+;f/ el/sf] cy{tGqdf c;/kg]{ u5{.
k]6«f]n hlgt 7"nf emu8fx?
k]6«f]n / l8h]n h:tf OGwgdf lglxt Ifdtfn] ljZj
O{ltxf;df cg]sf} 7"nf em}–emu8fx?
lgDTofPsf] 5. lazf} ztfAbLdf k]6«f]nsf] sf/0f g} 7"nf 7"nf n8fO{
ePsf] O{ltxf; e]l6G5. bf]>f] laZj o'4df, hf] ;g\ !(#( b]lv !($% ;Dd rNof],
la|6]g / p;sf ;fly /fi6«x? cyf{t\ cd]l/sf, k|mfG;, ?; cflbn] vf]lh vf]lh klxnf]
cfqmd0f hd{gLsf k]6«f]n e+8f/ / l/kmfOg/Lx?df u/]sf lyP h;n] hd{g kmf}hsf] cGo
b]z ;Dd k'u]/ cfqmd0f ug]{ Ifdtfdf 7"nf] ca/f]w NofPsf] lyof]. bf]>f]
laZj o'4 tfsf g} cfˆgf k]6«f]lnod l/kmfOg/Lx? Wj:t ag]kl5 hd{g kmf}hn] ?;sf]
7"nf] e"efudf cfˆgf] cflwkTo sfod uof]{ h;sf] d'Vo sf/0f ?;sf] afs'
l:yt k]6«f]lnod l/kmfOg/L lyof], hf] ;+;f/sf] 7"nf] dWo]sf] k]6«f]lnod
pTkfbs If]q xf].
;g\ !(&# df ;fpbL c/a nfufot\ cGo c/a
/fi6«x?n] s]lx klZrdL / pgsf ;xof]uL /fi6«x? h:tf] cd]l/sf, la|6]g, hfkfg, hd{gLdf t]n gk7fP/
gfsfaGbL u/]. o;sf] sf/0f lyof] oL /fi6«x?n] O:nflds /fi6«sf] s§/ zq'
Oh/fO{nnfO{ …of]g lsk'/Ú elgg] Oh/fOn–c/a o'4df ;xof]u u/]sf]. o; gfsa+bL n] ;+;f/el/df g} b'/ufdL /fhg}lts /
cfly{s k|efj kf/]sf] lyof].
a]nfa]nfdf O{/fgdf klZrdL /fi6«x?n] gfsfaGbL
nfufpg] u/]sf 5g\. cr]n klg O{/fgdf cd]l/sfn] gfsfaGbL nufO{/fv]sf] 5. eGg nfO{
cf0fljs ;lGwdf x:tfIf/ gu/]sf] sf/0f n] elgP klg of] gfsfaGbLsf] k|d'v sf/0f
t]n g} xf] eGg] ul/G5. lautdf, O/fgdf ;4fd x';]g nfO{ lgoGq0f / kmfF;L lbg' ,
lnlaofsf u2fkmLsf] b'b{zfk"0f{ xTof x'g', b]lv clxn] e]g]h'j]nfsf] cfly{s
gfsfaGbL ;Ddsf b'3{6sf] k5f8L t]n /fhgLlt g} xf] elgG5. g]kfndf klg @)$% ;fn /
@)&@ ;fndf ef/tLo gfsfaGbLsf] sf/0f k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] cfk"lt{
/f]lsbf b]zn] 7"nf] cfly{s g]S;fgL / ljsf; lgdf{0fdf gsf/fTds k|efj
ef]Ug'k/]sf] lyof] .
g]kfnsf] ;+we{df k]6«f]lnodsf] k|of]u /
eljio
g]kfndf ef}ueL{o Uof; / cGo k]6«f]lnod
kbfy{sf] ;Defjgf cem} k|i6 b]lvPsf] 5}g. t/ s]lx e"ue{ zf:qLx?sf cg';f/
oxfFsf s]lx If]qsf] ef}ule{s agf}6 / /f;folgs ;+/rgf cGo b]zsf k]6«f]lnod
s'jfx? ;+u ldN5. lautdf u/Psf s]lx cGj]if0fx? af6 oxfFsf gd'gf alrtf 6]S;; /
cNa6f{ la|l6; sf]nlDaofsf gd'gfx? ;+u ldn]sf] b]lvPsf] 5. g]kfnsf e"ue{
zf:qLx?sf cg';f/ g]kfnsf t/fO{sf s]lx / l;jflns kxf8sf s]lx If]qsf] Ps /]vLo
ef}ule{s ;DaGw t]n pTvgg ul/g] kfls:yfgsf] kf]6j/ / ef/tsf] cf;fd ;+u 5. xfn}
rLlgof sDklgn] b}n]vdf k]6«f]lnod cGj]if0fsf] sfd z'? u/]sf] 5 h;n] g]kfndf klg
k]6«f]lnod pTkfbgsf] ;+s]t eg] lbPsf] 5. d'lQmgfy / b}n]vsf cg]s If]qx? df
aiff}{ b]lv aln/x]sf ef}ule{s Hjfnf, To:t} sf7df8f}Fsf] O{df8f]n, sflndf6L,
k'Nrf]ssf s]lx 7fpdf lgl:sg] ef}ule{s Uof; n] k]6«f]n of e"ueL{o Uof;sf]
;Defjgf g]kfndf klg ePsf] ;+s]t eg] u5{.
g]kfnL cy{tGqdf k]6«f]lnodsf] k|efj
cfly{s b[li6sf]0f n] klg cfofltt
k]6«f]lnod n] xfd|f] ah]6 3f6fdf 7"nf] k|efj kfl//x]sf] b]lvG5 . g]kfn
cfon lgudsf cg';f/ g]kfndf kl5Nnf ^ jif{df ;f9] ^ va{ ?k}ofFsf] OGwg cfoft
ePsf] lyof] h;df emG8} Ps s/f]8 5 nfv lsnf]ln6//d]l6«s 6g k]6«f]lnod OGwg
-k]6«f]n, l8h]n, d§Lt]n, xjfO{ OGwg / vfgf ksfpg] Uof;_ cfoft ePsf] lyof]. ut
cfly{s jif{d} b]ze/ rf/ nfv #& xhf/ ^ ;o !$ sf] ;+Vofdf gofF ;jf/L;fwg btf{
ePsf] tYof+s x]bf{ of] k]6«f]lnodsf] a9]sf] dfusf] d'Vo sf/s ;jf/L ;fwgsf] of]
a9f]Q/L eGg ;lsG5 .
cfly{s ;j]{If0f @)&%÷&^ x]bf{,
g]kfnsf] ef/t ;+usf] s'n cfoft @)&%÷&^ sf] k|yd cf7 dlxgfdf sl/a ? ^!@
ca{ x'Fbf s]jn k]6«f]lnodsf] cfoft ? !#% ca{ /x]sf] lyof], h'g s'n ef/tLo
cfoftsf] @@ k|ltzt x'g cfpF5. OGwgdf g]kfn zt k|ltzt ef/tdf lge{/ 5. ut aif{
@)&$÷&% sf] k]6«f]lnodsf] cfoft, b]zdf a9\bf] dfu cg';f/, ut aif{
cyf{t\ @)&#÷&$ sf] eGbf #) k|ltzt n] a9]sf] cfly{s ;j]{If0f n] b]vfPsf]
5 . o; lx;fan], xfd|f] oftfoft / k"jf{wf/sf] a9\bf] cfjZostf cg';f/
cfofltt k]6«f]lnodsf] dfu a9\b} uPsf] / ;f] sf] nflu lab]lz d'›fdf 7"nf]
/sd x/]s aif{ lab]lzb} uPsf] 5. of] k|lqmof /f]Sg xfdLn] hnlaWo't, zf}o{ nufot
a}slNks phf{df a9L cg';Gwfg / k|jw{g u/]/ / b]z leq g} vlgh t]n Uof; of sf]Onfsf] vfgL 5g 5}gg\ eGg]
cGj]if0f u// cfˆgf] cfoft 36fpb} nUg] k|ofzdf nfUg' h?l/ 5. ut aif{ af6
hnlaWo'tsf] ;xh / /fd|f] k"lt{ ePsf] n] of] aif{ cfofltt OGwgsf] dfudf
s]lx ;sf/fTds k|efj k/]sf] cy{zf:qLx?sf] wf/0ff 5. g]kfn n] cem} a}slNks phf{
af/] cfˆgf] Wofg s]lG›t ug{' h?l/ 5.
g]kfnsf] phf{ cfjZostfsf] lbuf] ;dfwfg
k]6«f]n, l8h]n, d§Lt]n, Uof; nufotsf
ef}ule{s OGwgsf] k|of]un] sfa{g, ldy]g h:tf aftfj/0f nfO{ xfgL k'of{pg] tTjx?
lgl:sG5g\. km]/L o:tf OGwg cfˆgf] b]zdf gkfOg] / ljb]z af6 dx+uf]df cfoft ul/
lab]zL d'›fdf eQmfgL lbg'kg]{ x'gfn] g]kfnsf] eljiosf] phf{sf] cfjZostf
k]6«f]lnoddf geO{ a}slNks phf{df s]lG›t x'g' h?l/ 5. s'g a}slNks phf{ cfly{s
?kn] kmfObfhgs 5, jftfj/0fsf] lx;fa n] sd xflgsf/s 5, / To;sf] >f]t
xfd|f]nfuL lbuf] 5 – To;df g]kfn ;/sf/, ;DalGwt lj1, k|fljlw1x? sf] ax;
cg';Gwfg k5L lgs{\of]n cfpg' h?l/ 5. h}ljs OGwg-afof] Uof;_, u'O{7f, afo' zlQm,
zf}o{ phf{ h:tf a}slNks ;fwgx? sf] pkof]u g]kfndf ePsf 5g\ t/ Go"g ?kdf
dfq .
|
|
cfly{s ;j]{If0f @)&%÷&^ cg';f/,
uPsf] kf+r aif{df bfp/f h:tf k/Dk/fut >f]tdf g]kfnLsf] lge{/tf s]lx 36\b}
uPklg of] cem} b]zsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] OGwgsf] >f]t ePsf] b]lvG5. k/Dk/fut
phf{ >f]tdf cfly{s aif{ @)&%÷&^ sf] tYof+sdf ;d]t lge{/tf emG8} ^(
k|ltzt, /x]sf] b]lvG5 -tflnsf $_. gljs/0fLo phf{, h;df zf}o{ / jfo' phf{x?
k5{g, n] s]jn #=@ k|ltzt ef/ af]s]sf] b]lvG5. eg] k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ n] emG8} !*
k|ltzt ef/ af]s]sf] b]lvG5. xfdLn] cfofltt k]6«f]lnodsf] a}slNks >f]t vf]Hg
h?l/ 5. t/ o;sf] nflu klg xfdLnfO{ w]/} aif{ nfUg] / /fd|f] ah]6 5'6\ofpb}
hfg'kg]{ b]lvG5 lsgls o;sf] nflu gofF cGj]if0f / k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf]
cfjZostf kg]{ 5.
k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] e08f/ ;lsb} uPsf],
o;n] k[YjLsf] aftfj/0f laufb}{ tfkqmd a9fPsf] x'gfn] klg clxn] ;+;f/ el/ g}
gofF gofF a}slNks OGwgx? sf] vf]lh / k|of]u a9\b} uPsf] 5. cfpFbf] lbgx?df
;a{;'ne –kflgsf] cf0fljs 5]bg ul/ of xfO8«f]hg, lxlnod h:tf kbfy{ af6 OGwg lgsfNg
g;lsPnf / o;af6 uf8L rnfpg, 3/ tftf]
lr;f] agfpg of r'nf] afNg g;lsPnf eGg ;lsGg. lsgls ljsl;t b]zsf k|of]uzfnfx?df
o:t} k|sf/sf k|of]ux? clxn] wdfwd rln/x]sf 5g\ . cfzf u/f} lgs6 eljiodf g}
hLjgsf] nflu cTofjfZos OGwg ;a{;'ne / ;xhtf ;+u ;+;f/ el/sf hgtfx? ;+u}
g]kfnLx?n] klg kfpg ;Sg]5g\.
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