gofF aif{ @)&$ sf] cfudg x'g}nfu]sf] 5 . of] ;+u} b]zn] cfly{s
5nf+u nufpg] z'e ;dfrf/ k|zfl/t ePsf] 5 . cGt//fli6«o d'›fsf]if h:tf ;+:yfx?
af6 g} of] cg'dfg ul/Psf] xf] . w]/} cy{zf:qLx? ;d]t of] z'e;dfrf/ af6 xlif{t
5g\ . klqsfx?df pT;fxL vj/x? cfO{/x]sf 5g\ . slt klqsfdf at{dfg ;/sf/sf] æcfly{s 5nf+uÆ eGg] ;d]t 5flkPsf 5g\ . of] cfly{s 5nf+usf]
cg'dfg of u0fgf slt oyfy{k/s 5 <
b]zsf] cy{tGq cem egf} ufx{:Yo pTkfbg h;af6 cfly{s ljsf;sf] j[l4 dfkg
ul/G5, b]z leqsf cfly{s ultljlwdf dfq lge{/ x'G5g\ . gofF pBf]u wGbf s] slt
v'n], Aofkf/ ljljlws/0f slt ul/of], gofF lgof{tsf a:t' s] slt pTkfbg eP, lgof{t
eP, cfoft k|lt:yfkg ug]{ s] slt 3/]n' pTkfbg z'? eP, ljQLoIf]qsf] k|ult slt
eof], oftfoft ;+rf/n] slt gfkmf lbof], 3/hUufsf] lsga]rdf slt /fh:j p7\of],
lzIff :jf:ydf nfu]sf Aoa;foaf6 slt /fh:j p7\of], / ;a} eGbf 7"nf] ufx{:Yo
pTkfbgsf] lhDdflnPsf] s[lifn] slt a9L pAhgL lbof] . log}x'g\ ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf]
u0fgf ul/g] d'Vo alu{s[t >f]tx? . t/ oL ;a} cfly{s >f]tx?nfO{ ult lbg]
b]zsf] gLlt lgod, /fhg}lts cg'zf;g, g]t[Tj au{sf] c7f]6, sfdug]{ Ifdtf,
OdfGbf/L / ;'ema'emn] xf] . b]zsf] k|zf;lgs lhDd]bf/L lnPsf sd{rf/Lx?sf]
sfo{z}nL / ;/sf/ rnfpg] /fhg}lts g]tfx?sf] Ifdtf ;a} eGbf lg0ff{os tTjx'g\ .
t'ngfTds j[l4sf] oyfy{
d]/f] 5f]/f] bf}8df t]>f] eof] eGbf v';L nfU5 . t/ bf}l8g] hDdf
tLghgf lyP eGg] klg yfxf kfpFbf Tolx ;dfrf/ b'vb x'G5 . of] t'ngfTds u0fgf xf]
. j[l4 eg]sf] klg t'ngfTds u0fgf xf] . @)&#÷&$ sf] ufx{:Yo pTkfbgdf ^=@
sf] j[l4 eGgfn] cluNnf] ;fnsf] ufx{:Yo pTkfbg ;+usf] t'ngfTds u0fgf xf] . xfdL
;a}nfO{ g} ;Demgf 5 ls ut cfly{s aif{sf] t]>f] dlxgf cyf{t\ cflZjg ^ b]lv
!#% lbg nfdf] gfsfaGbL uof]{ g]kfndf ef/tn] h'g b]z ;+u g]kfnsf] emG8} ^&
k|ltztsf] cfoftlgof{t Aofkf/ 5 . To;}ul/ t/fO{sf w]/} e"efudf pwf]u Aofkf/
7Kk kfb}{ db]z cfGbf]ng, @)&@ ;fnsf] ebf} & b]lv sl/a !&% lbg rNof]
. ptf, a}zfv @)&! df g]kfndf dxfe"sDk cfPsf] lyof] h;af6 ;Dk"0f{
cfly{s lqmofsnfkdf 7"nf] gsf/fTds c;/ k/]sf] lyof] . of]hgf cfof]usf]
cg';f/ dxfe"sDkn] *) nfv hgtf k|efljt ePsf / b]znfO{ sl/a &)^ ca{sf]
ef}lts Iflt ePsf] lyof] . o;l/ x]bf{ uPsf b'O{ cfly{s aif{x? @)&!÷&@ /
@)&@÷&# nfO{ c;fdfGo cfly{s aif{x? 7fGg'k5{ .
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pTkfbgsf] tYofFs x]g]{ xf] eg], cfly{s aif{ @)&)÷&!, @)&!÷&@ /
@)&@÷&# df hL8LkLsf] j[l4 qmdz %=&, @=#@ / )=&& k|ltzt
ePsf] cfly{s ;j]{If0fn] b]vfpF5 . xfn ul/Psf] cGt/fl{\i6«o d'›fsf]ifsf] cg'dfg
cg';f/ cfpbf] cfly{s aif{ @)&#÷&$ df g]kfnn] ^=@ k|ltztsf] j[l4 xfl;n
ug]{ 7flgPsf] 5 . o; j[l4 cg';f/ u0fgf ubf{ cfufdL aif{ @)&#÷&$ sf]
hL8LkL &#* ca{ x'g cfp+5 . olx u0fgf cg';f/ b]zn] cfly{s 5nf+u nufPsf]
ljZn]ifsx?sf] wf/0ff 5 . dfly elgP cg';f/, uPsf b'O{ aif{ c;fdfGo aif{ lyP /
To; cl3sf] @)&)÷&! sf] aif{ ;fdfGo aif{ lyof] ha xfd|f] j[l4 %=^
k|ltztsf] lyof] . olb @)&)÷&! sf] hL8LkLdf nuftf/ @)&#÷&$ ;Dd
%=& k|ltztsf] ;fdfGo j[l4 sfod /x]sf] sNkgf ug]{xf] eg] tflnsfdf b]vfOP
cg';f/ @)&#÷&$ sf] hL8LkL &() ca{ x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5 . o;l/ x]bf{
d'›fsf]ifsf] cg'dfg cg';f/sf] a9f]Q/L ePsf] hL8LkL ;fdfGo j[l4 x'Fbfv]l/sf]
eGbf klg %@ ca{ 36L b]lvG5 . o;sf] cy{, olb d'›fsf]ifsf] cg'dfg cg';f/s} j[l4
eP5 eg], of] j[l4 klxn]sf b'O{ aif{sf] gsf/fTds j[l4sf] kmn:j¿k k|fKt
;Gtf]ifsf] pknlAw dfq x'g]5, 5nf+u xf]Og .
hL8LkLdf w]/} cfly{s lqmofsnfkx?sf] of]ubfg x'g] ePklg o;sf] d'Vo c+z
s[lif af6 g} cfpF5, sl/a #!–#@ k|ltzt . of] aif{ s[lif pTkfbgdf /fd|f] j[l4
x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5, hf] s[lifsf] cfw'lgs/0f of cGo af6 geO{ /fd|f] aiff{sf]
sf/0f dfq xf] . e"sDksf] c;/ s[lifdf g/fd|/L g} b]lvof] kmn:j¿k To; aif{
)=* k|ltztdf s[lifsf] j[l4 em/]sf] lyof] hf] ut aif{ ! k|ltzt af6 s]lx gf3]sf]
5 . cgs'n df};ddf s[lifsf] j[l4 ^ k|ltzt ;Dd k'u]sf] ut bz aif{df b]lvPsf]
lyof] . o;}sf] xf/fxf/Ldf of] aif{ klg j[l4 x'g] cg'dfg 5 . /fd|f] ah]6 vr{
x'Fbfx'Fb} klg l;+rfO{, oGqLs/0f / dnsf] Aoa:yfkgdf ;/sf/sf lhDd]bf/ lgsfox?sf]
u}/lhDd]af/Ln] s[lif pTkfbgdf /fd|f] k|ult x'g;sf] 5}g .
cGo cfly{s ;'rf+s
hL8LkL afx]s cGo cfly{s ;'rf+sx?n] ;d]t rfn' cfly{s aif{
pknlAwk"0f{ /x]sf] b]lvGg . Pp6f pbfx/0f a9\bf] Aofkf/3f6fsf] xf] .
/fi6a}+ssf] kl5Nnf] rf}dfl;s ljj/0f cg';f/ rfn' cfly{s aif{sf] 5 dlxgf, cyf{t\
@)&# >fj0f b]lv kf}if ;Dddf, dfl;s Aofkf/3f6f cf}zbdf &^ ca{sf] 5
h;sf] cy{ aflif{s ( va{sf] 3f6f x'g] b]lvG5 . ut aif{ / o; aif{sf] klxnf] / bf]>f]
rf}dfl;ssf] cfoft lgof{tsf] t'ngfubf{ lgof{tdf @–# ca{sf] a9f]Q/L ePsf] b]lvG5
eg] cfoftdf emG8} (& ca{sf] j[l4 ePsf] b]lvG5 . o;sf] ;f]emf] cy{, of] aif{
klg xfd|f] pTkfbglzntf cTolws 36\g] / b]zdf ;+lrt x'g;Sg] ;DklQ ljb]lzg]
b]lvG5, klxnfsf aif{x?sf] s"nIf0f bf]xf/fpb} . of] aif{sf] d"Noj[l4
utaif{sf] !) k|ltztaf6 36]/ ^=% df /xg] cg'dfg d'›fsf]ifsf] 5 . xfn ahf/df
t/ntfsf] cefa / ;/sf/L 9's'6Lsf] %) k|ltzt ;Ddsf] ljsf; vr{ pkof]u x'gg;sL
ylGsPsf] l:yltn] ahf/ efpdf lzlyntf cfPsf] b]lvG5 hf] cfufdL :yfgLo r'gfjdf
7"nf] wg/f;L ahf/df lgl:sg yfn] kl5 l6Sg] 5}g, kmntM d'›f:kmLlt ;f]r] h:t}
tn /lx/xnf eGg ufx|f] 5 . dxfe"sDk / a]nfa]nfsf k}/f]n] lauf/]sf af6f]
3f6f], :s'n, sf/vfgf, al:tx? cem} k'glg{df{0f ePsf 5}gg\ h;n] cfly{s pGgltdf
afwf k'of{O{/x]sf 5g\ . ljsf; vr{sf] pkof]u
ug{ grfxg] ;/sf/L tGqsf] df]xlgG›f cem} uf9f x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . h;nfO{ hful/nf]
afgfpg] ;+oGq cfkm} /fhg}lts :jfy{ / n'5fr'8Ldf tlNng ePsf]n] ljsf; ca?4 5 .
/fli6«o :jfy{ / a}b]lzs ;Gt'ngsf] pkof]u ug{;Sg] Ifdtf g]t[Tj au{df gx'Fbf b'O{
lazfn cfly{s k|ult ul//x]sf l5d]lsx?sf] a]un] ;d]t xfdL c5'tf] ePsf 5f} . g
ef/tsf] lszgd'vL dWod au{ nlIft cfly{s k|ultaf6, g rLgsf] lta| k|ljlwsf]
rdTsfl/s ljsf; af6 xfdLn] s]lx l;Sg of nfelng ;s]sf 5f} . hasL b'j} l5d]ls
xfdLnfO{ nlnkk b]vfp+b}5Gf\, xfdL Tolx klg r':g c;Ifd ag]sf 5f} Û
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