कृषि विकास बैंक को बर्षिकानक मा प्रकाशित लेख : २०७५ (प्रिती फन्ट)

cy{tGqsf tLg vDafM s[lif, ko{6g / hnljB't

;Dj[l4 cr]n x/]ssf] d'vdf em'lG8Psf] zAb ag]sf] 5. k|b]z / s]G›df lht]sf ;a} k|ltlglwsf] Pp6} rfxgf ;'lgG5, cfˆgf] If]qdf ;Dj[l4 Nofpg] . t/ ;Dj[l4 Nofpg] s;l/, eGg] yf]/} n] dfq ;f]r]sf xf]nfg\ . ;Dj[l4sf] xfd|f] dfu{ cy{tGqsf tLg vDaf cyf{t s[lif, ko{6g / hnljB'tsf] ljsf; g} xf] .

b]zsf] cy{tGqsf] s'/fubf{ clxn]sf] l:ylt eofax b]lvG5 . /fi6« a}+sn] xfn} k|:t't u/]sf] k|lta]bg cg';f/ cfly{s jif{ @)&$÷&% sf] P3f/ dlxgfdf rfn' vftf 3f6f ?= @)( ca{ gf3]sf] 5, h'g s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf] & k|ltzt x'g cfpF5 / uPsf] P3f/ dlxgfdf Jofkf/ 3f6f ?= !)## ca{ gf3]sf] 5 h'g s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf] #$=$ k|ltzt x'g cfpF5 . oL s]lx g/fd|f ;+s]t x'g\ . of] eGbf eofax ;+s]t klxn] b]lvg} laWodfg lyP. elgG5 clxn] ;/sf/ ;+u nufgLof]Uo k};f 5}g s]jn sd{rf/Lsf] tnj—eQfsf] hf]xf] ug{;Dd k'U5 . :jod\ cy{dGqLn] :jLsf/ ug{' ePsf] 5 cfGtl/s /fh:jn] vr{ wfGg sl7g 5 -sf/f]af/ b}lgs dlª\;/ !(, @)&%_. /fh:j nufotsf cfˆgf >f]tsf] sdLn] ;/sf/ wdfwd cfGtl/s / afXo C0f p7fpFb} 5, a}b]lzs ;xof]u dfUb} 5 . /fi6« a}+ssf] csf]{ k|ltj]bg cg';f/ ut c;f/;Dddf ;/sf/n] emG8} ^ va{ (& ca{sf] C0f lnO;s]sf] 5 . of] C0fsf] lx;fa ubf{ s'n ufx{:y pTkfbgsf] emG8} @& k|ltztdf x'G5 eg] k|lt g]kfnLsf] lx;fadf emG8} @$ xhf/ x'g cfpF5 .

dfly k|:t't laa/0f n] klg b]lvG5 g]kfn clxn] cfly{s ?kn] Ps b'j{n /fi6« aGgk'u]sf] 5 . xfd|f] cfly{s b'/fj:yf b]lvG5 — ah]6 3f6f, e'QmfgL c;Gt'ng, Aofkf/ 3f6f,  d'›f:kmLlt, a]/f]huf/L, ljsf; ah]6sf] b'j{n l:ylt—h:tf cfly{s ;"rsf+sdf b]lvg] sdhf]/Lx?sf] rk]6f]df k/]/. oL ;a} cfly{s ;"rsfÍs clxn] 8/nfUbf] ;+u lalu|Psf 5g\ . ;fgf] ahf/, e"kl/j]li6t, cem ef/t kl/j]li6t / cfsf]{ l5d]sL rLg kl§ b'u{d lxdfnL e"uf]nn] xfdLnfO{ a}b]lzs j[li65fofFdf ws]n]sf] 5 . To;dfly, xfdL cfkm} leqsf sdhf]/Lx?n] lklN;Psf 5f} . cNklzIff, :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;a}sf] kx'r gk'Ug, s[lif of pBf]u af/] k|fljlws 1fg sd x'g', af6f] 3f6f]sf] c;xhtfn] 7"nf] hg;+Vof ;/sf/L ;]jf / ahf/sf] kx'r af6 alGrt x'g' – h:tf bL3{sfnLg xfd|f ;d:ofx?n] xfdLnfO{ lkN;fPsf] 5 . cem, cr]n a9\b} uPsf] xfd|f] ljs/fn /f]u ag]sf] 5 – e|i6frf/, cg'zf;glxgtf / sfd 7u k|a[lQ . cy{ dGqfnosf] cfyL{s ;j]{If0f, tYof+s ljefusf] hLjg:t/ ;j]{If0f, /fi6« a}+ssf] cfly{s a'n]l6g, PlzofnL ljsf; a}+s / ljZj a}+sx?sf cfly{s k|lta]bgx?, 6«fG;kf/]G;L OG6/g];gnsf] e|i6frf/ af/]sf] ljZj k|lta]bg / o'Pgl8kL h:tf ;+:yfx? af6 k|sflzt x'g] dfgj ljsf; ;"rsfÍsx? df b]zsf] olx b'/fj:yfsf] lrq0f ul/Psf] b]lvG5 .

o; cfyL{s / ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] l:ylt x]bf{ xfdL ljZjsf ul/a dWo]sf ul/jtd /fi6« xf}F . xfdL ul/j x'g'sf] k5f8L xfdL;+u k"+hL geP/ dfq xf]O{g gLltlgdf{tf Pjd g]lqTj ug]{ au{, slyt k|a'Wb au{ nufot xfdL ;a} cfd hgtfsf] ;f]r g} ul/a eP/ klg xf]. cy{zf:qdf k"+hL s]jn sfuhL gf]6, :j0f{ e08f/ cflb dfq 7flgGg, b]zsf] >dzlQm, k|fs[lts ;+;fwg cflb klg k"+hL x'g\ hf] of] b]zdf kof{Kt /fd|f] l:yltdf 5g\. xfd|f b]zsf o'jfn] hfkfg, sf]l/of, a]nfot cd]l/sf, vf8L, dn]l;ofdf ;Dj[l4 Nofpg /ut kl;gf aufPsf 5g\. oxfsf ptf uP/ /fd|f cg'zGwfg u/]/ ;Ddfg kfPsf 5g\. km];g l8hfOg/, cfO{6L k|fljlws, kfOn6, kqsf/, s[ifs, Aof+s/ – eP/ ;kmntfsf pbfx/0f ag]sf klg 5g\ . t/ b]zdf sfd gkfP/ x/]s lbg !% ;osf] ;+Vofdf o'jfx? ljb]lzg] jfWo 5g\ .

b}lgs @) ?k}of eGbf sd sdfpg]x?sf] hg;+Vof @% k|ltzt eGbf a9L ePsf] g]kfn, cfly{s lx;fjn] blIf0fk'j{sf /fi6«x?df ;a}eGbf ul/a / ljZjsf emG8} @)) b]zx? dWo] @#;f}+ :yfgsf] ul/a /fi6« eg]/ ljZja}+sn] eG5 . xfdL eGbf tn k/]sf clwsf+z ul/a /fi6«x? nfdf] ;do o'4sf] rk]6fdf k/]sf ckmuflg:yfg h:tf of clzIff, s'zf;g cflbsf s"rqmdf k/]sf clk|msfsf ;fgf /fi6«x? dfq 5g\. t/, lazfn k|fs[lts >f]t, h}ljs lalawtf, uf}/jzfnL O{ltxf; af]s]sf xfdL, /fhg}lts / ;fdflhs v'nfkg, cfw'lgstf / kl/jt{gsf] o'udf k|j]z u/]sf] ePklg ljZjsf cGo ljs;Lt /fi6«eGbf k5f}6] x'Fb} uPsf 5f}. lzIff, :jf:y, k|ljlwdf laut eGbfs]lx k|ult b]lvPklg t'ngfTds ?kdf cGo ljs;Lt /fi6«eGbf Hofb} tn kb}{uPsf 5f}.

b]zsf] xfnsf] l:ylt x]bf{ ;Dj[l4sf] pko'Qm / ;xh dfu{ s]jn tLg If]qdf b]lvG5 . klxnf] dfu{ xf] s[lifdf k|ljlwsf] k|of]u / Aoa;flos/0fsf] ;fy} l;FrfOsf nflu kfgLsf] pknAwtf, pGgt lap / cfw'lgs cf}hf/ . bf];|f] dfu{ xf], lxdfnnfO{ hf]ufpFb} ul/g] hnsf] cTolws ;b'kof]u, d'VotM dWo kxf8L If]qdf hnfzoo'Qm ljB't\ kl/of]hgfdf lgld{t hnfzosf] l;FrfOsf gx/x¿af6 dWo–kxf8L / t/fO{sf If]qsf] s[lifdf 6]jf / pTkflbt ljB'Taf6 jftfj/0fLo ljgfz /f]Sg] l8h]n, k]6«f]ndf cfwfl/t oftfoft / pBf]u k|ljlwsf] k|of]u . ;d[l4sf] t];|f] dfu{ xf], ko{6gsf] plrt k|jw{g / xf]d:6]sf] Aoa:yfkg .

s[lifsf] cfjZostfM k|ljlw / Joj;foLs/0f 

g]kfn s[lifk|wfg b]z xf], lsgsL clxn] klg b]zsf] &! k|lt;t hgtfsf] ;+nUgtf s[lifdf g} ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;g\ !(&! df of] ;+nUgtf ($ k|lt;t lyof], hf] $) aif{ kl5 @)!! sf] hgu0fgfdf &! k|lt;tdf em/]sf] b]lvG5 5. x'gt, s[lifdf dfG5]sf] ;+nUgtf 36\g' g} cljsfz xf]Og, s[lifaf6 u}/-s[lifdf ?kfGtl/t x'b}hfg' k|ult g} dflgG5. t/ xfd|f] b]zdf s[lifsf] nflu cfwf/ hlt ;lhnf] 5 Tolt pBf]u, Jofkf/ of ;]jfsf] nflu 5}g. s[lif xfd|f] wd{, ;+:s[lt, bz{g, ;flxTo, efiff, k|]d, qmflGt nufot hLagsf x/]s tTjdf ldln;s]sf] 5. pGgt s[lifaf/] ;fdfGo 1fg lbbf of s]lx k|flalws lzIff lb+bf k9n]v gu/]sf n]kfnLn] ;d]t /fd|/L a'‰g / pkof]u ug{ ;S5g lsgls pgLx?df k|fs[lts ?kdf s[lifaf/] s]lx k'j{1fg 5.  efUoaz xfdLnfO{ e"uf]n n] klg ;3fPsf] 5. lxdfn / t/fO{sf] h'g ef}uf]lns l:yltdf g]kfn 5 ToxfF ;+;f/sf] b'n{e xfjfkfgL / h}ljs lalawtf xfdLnfO{ k|fKt 5, hxfF ;}s0ff} k|sf/sf s[lif pkh ;Dea 5 hf] glhssf cGo l5d]sL b]zx?df ;Dej x'b}gg\. t;y{ s[lifdf yf]/} nufgL yKbf klg o; If]qsf] ljsf; x'g ;lhnf] / o;n] elaiosf] nflu 7'nf]  Ifdtf af]s]sf] b]vfk5{. t/ a:t'ut l:ylt olt cg's'n b]lvPklg s[lif If]q nuftf/ lalu|b} uPsf] tYof+sn] b]vfpF5.

xfn s'n ufx{:YopTkfbgsf] #% k|lt;t eGbf s]xLa9L s[lifaf6 g} k"lt{ x'G5. t/ ;fy ;fy}, tL; aif{ klxn] ;Dd rfdn ljb]zaf6 cfoft ug]{ g]kfnn] o; cfly{s aif{df em08} ( ca{sf] t rfdn dfq} cfoft u/]sf] 5. vfWBfGgdf xfd|f] k/lge{/tf x/]s aif{ olt a9\b} uPsf] 5 ls xl/of] t/sf/L g} g]kfnn] ut 5 dlxgfdf ? @ ca{ % s/f]8sf] ef/taf6 cfoft eof] hf] cl3Nnf] aif{sf] eGbf ^! k|lt;t n] a9L xf] / h;sf] pTkfbgIf]q ;a}eGbf a9]sf] -$!% a9]sf]_ of] s[lif k|lta]bgn] b]vfPsf] 5. cfly{s ;j]{If0f @)&% cg';f/, s[lifaf6 ufx{:Yo pTkfbgdf @( k|lt;tsf] of]ubfg k'u]sf] b]vfp5 eg] s[lif pTkfbgsf] j[l4b/ @=& k|lt;t. s[lifaf6 ufx{:Yo pTkfbgdf x'g] of]ubfg lg/Gt/ 36\b} uPsf] 5| kfr aif{ klxn] @)&) df of] of]ubfg  #$ k|lt;t lyof] / j[l4b/ $=( k|lt;t. o; ;j]{If0f cg';f/ xfd|f] Jofkf/3f6f !! va{ k'u]sf] 5 hf] utaif{ eGbf @!=@ k|lt;t n] a9]sf] xf]. o; 3f6fsf] k|d'v lhDd]jf/, vfbofGgsf] cfoft xf] hf] utaif{ xfdLn] sl/a !#) ca{sf] u/]sf] b]lvG5. o;sf] cy{ xf] xfd|f] pTkfbgsf] a[lWbb/ dfusf] a[lWbb/ eGbf cToGt Go"g 5.

cr]n ufpF3/df k'Ug] xf] eg] klxnf v]tL u/LPsf hldgx? afFem} a;]sf b[Zox? htftt} b]lvG5g\ / ;of} d'/L cGg kmNg] v]tx? lst afFem}, lst tLg afnL pAhg]df Ps afnL dfq nufPsf] eGg] ;'lgG5. s[lif dhb'/ gkfO{g], Hofnf Hofb} dxuf] ePsf], cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf] /]vb]vug]{ alnof dfG5] ljb]z of zx/ k;]sf, dn-lap lng ufx|f] ePsf], u'gf;f] g} of] s[lifsf] lg/fzhgs x'g'sf] sf/0fx'g\ eGg] htftt} ;'lgG5. v]tL ul/g] u|fdL0f e]ux?df dhb'/sf] sdL ePsf] / ToxfFsf :yfgLo o'jfx? zx/ of ljb]z knfog u/]sf] oyfy{ xf]. o; hgzlQmsf] knfog / ljk|]if0fsf] k};fn] s[lifdf ?rL 36\b} uPsf] klg ;To xf]. t/ of] o'jfzlQmsf] knfog / s[lifdf lg/fzfsf] Ps k|d'v sf/0f s[lif If]qdf ;/sf/sf] pbfl;gtf / cIfdtf klg xf]| pTkfbsTjdf sdL / w]/} ;do lbbf klg !@ dlxgf vfg gk'Ug' lg/fzfsf] k|d'v sf/0f xf]| s[lifu0fgf @)^* sf] k|lta]bg cg';f/ s[lifdf ;+nUg kl/jf/ dWo] ^) k|lt;tnfO{ cfˆgf] pAhgL n] k'Ub}g h;dWo] $$ k|lt;tnfO{ $–^ dlxgf / @# k|lt;tnfO{ &–( dlxgf vfg k'Ub}g| ;dodf lap–dn gkfpg], cfsf;] l;+rfO{df g} lge{/, gofF k|ljlwsf s[lifcf}hf/ gePsf], s[lif ahf/sf] cefa, ;+sng k|0ffnLsf] cefa tyf gofF lap–lahg, v]ltsf k|ljlw, df6f]sf] clDnotfsf] cg';Gwfgsf] k|efjlxgtf–lo sdhf]/Lx? b;f} aif{ b]lv cg';Gwfgstf{x?n] cf}nfO{/x]sf s[lifdf laBdfg ;dox? x'Gf\ t/ of] If]qdf nuftf/ eO{/x]sf] cwf]utLn] b]vfp5 ls ;/sf/sf] s[lif k|lt a]Un} 9+un] ;f]Rg'kg]{ cfjZostf 5, cf}krfl/stf eGbf w]/} dfly p7]/ . g]kfn ;/sf/n] ah]6sf] /fd|f] lx:;f s[lifnfO{ lbb} cfPsf] 5|. k|foM ah]6sf] %–& k|lt;t -l;+rfO{ hf]8\bf_ lx:;f kfpg] s[lif If]qsf] ah]6, utaif{ af6 bf]Aa/ a9fP/ aflif{s @! ca{ $) s/f]8 k'x|fO{Psf] 5| o;/L of]hgfa2 ljsfz z'? ePb]lvsf] %) aif{sf] lx;faubf{ s[lifdf sl/a !)–!% va{sf] nufgL eO{;s]sf] 5| . of] tYof+s x]bf{ /fHon] s[lifdf u/]sf] vr{ cAoal:yt jf egf} afn'jfdf kflg vGofo]sf] h:tf] dfq b]lvPsf] 5 .

o;l/ x]bf{, s[lifdf ;/sf/L ;]jf cToGt sdhf]/ b]lvG5 h;nfO{ casf] ablnPsf] ;Gbe{df :yfgLo txsf] lhDdfdf lbP/ ToxfFsf] xfjfkfgL / df6f]sf] k|s[lt cg';f/ s:tf lap, cf}hf/ / k|ljlw rflxg] xf] To;sf] vf]lh / ;Daw{g ug{ h?l/ b]lvG5| s]G›Lo a}+sn] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ s"n nufgLsf] @% k|ltzt pTkfbgzLn / k|fyldstf k|fKt If]qdf ug{'kg]{ gLltut Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 h;dWo] !% k|ltzt xfO8«f] / s[lifdf ug{'k5{ . kl5Nnf jif{x¿df ;/sf/sf] gLltcg'¿k /fi6« a}+sn] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ s[lifdf nufgL ug{ k|f]T;fxg ub}{ cfPsf] 5. o; gLltn] /fd|f] nufgL s[lifdf ul/Psf] b]lvG5 h;sf] k|ltkmn cfpbf aif{x?df b]lVvg] 5| ut c;f/;Ddsf] tYof+s cg';f/ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] s[lifdf emG8} $^ ca{ ?k}ofF yk nufgL u/]sf 5. @)&$ c;f/;Ddsf] t'ngfdf ut c;f/df o:tf] nufgL sl/a %! k|ltztn] a9]sf] lyof]. cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{sf] cGTodf s[lif If]qdf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] nufgL () ca{ ?k}ofF lyof] hf] ut c;f/df a9]/ ! va{ #% ca{ &% s/f]8 ?k}ofF k'u]sf] 5. t/ cem} of] nufgL /fi6« a}+ssf] lgb]{zgcg';f/ k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g. of] nufgL a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] k|jfx u/]sf] s'n nufgLsf] sl/a %=^ k|ltzt dfq xf], hjsL /fi6« a}+ssf] lgb]{zgcg';f/ of] !) k|ltzt k'Ug'k5{ .

hnljB't hnfzoo'Qm g} rflxG5 

kmlk{+udf :yflkt Plzofsf] bf]>f] hnlaWo't of]hgf af6 !)) aif{ klxn] lah'nL lgsfn]/ sf7df8f}F pHofnf] x'Fbf clwsfz blIf0f / k"jL{ Plzof vlgh t]nsf] 6'sL afn]/ a;]sf lyof] . t/ clxn] clwsf+z l5d]sL /fi6«x?df law't kof{Kt pTkfbg x'Fbf ;d]t xfdL phf{ ;+s6df 5f} . g]kfndf hnljB't ljsf;sf] 7"nf] ;+efjgf 5 . ;bfaxf/ gbL / le/fnf] e"agf]6n] ubf{ ;+;f/s} 7"nf dWo]sf hnljB't cfof]hgfx?sf] ljsf; g]kfndf ug{ ;lsG5 . ;a}eGbf kl5Nnf] cg'dfgd'tfljs cfly{s lx;fan] ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] ;+efjgf ePsf] g]kfnsf] hnljB't $) xhf/ d]ufjf6 b]lvPsf] 5 . o:tf] ckf/ hnljB'tsf] ;+efjgf ePtf klg g]kfnn] xfn;Dd s]jn ^)) d]ufjf6 hnljB't dfq pTkfbg ug{ ;s]sf] 5 / afls cfoft ug{' k/]sf] 5 .  g]kfndf xfn;Dd lgld{t k|foM ;Dk"0f{ hnljB't cfof]hgfx? axfjdf cfwfl/t -/g ckm b l/e/_ k|sf/sf 5g\ / ltgLx?af6 x'g] ljB't pTkfbg jiff{ofddf s]lx j9L x'g] ePklg ;'Vvfofddf cToGt 36L x'g] ub{5 . s[lifsf] nflu ;d]t l;+rfO{sf] cToGt cefj ef]lu/x]sf] xfd|f] b]zdf ax'pkof]u ug{ ;lsg] hnfzoo'Qm hnljB't cfof]hgf g} xfd|f] clxn]sf] cfj:ostf xf], h;df casf] nufgL s]lG›t x'g'k5{ . 

ko{6gdf xf]d:6]

;+;f/el/ clxn] 3'dGt] ;+:s[lt a9]sf] 5. cfˆgf] h'gLdf lxdfn z[+vnf x]g]{, ;u/dfyf r9\g], g]kfnsf dgf]/d tfn, 8fF8fsfF8f x]g]{ of n'lDagL, d'lQmgfy, kz'kltgfy, hgsk'/sf] wfld{s ko{6g ug]{ wf]sf] ;+;f/sf w]/} wgf9\ox¿sf] ePsf] a'lemG5. t/ xfd|f] Ifdtf ;Lldt 5. cfpg vf]Hg] hlt ko{6snfO{ Nofpg ;Sg] Ifdtf g} xfdL;Fu 5}g. ha ls, of] Ifdtf / jftfj/0f a9fpg xfd|f] b]zdf ;xh 5 h;df Wofg k'¥ofOPsf] 5}g. ;xh o;sf/0f ls a}+Ís, l;+ufk'/ h:tf] xfdLn] s[lqd dgf]x/tf agfpg'k/]sf] 5}g. k|s[ltn] lbPsf] ;Dkbf xfdL;Fu oy]i6 5. s]jn a:g] af; / k'Ug] af6f], oftfoftsf ;fwgsf] Joj:yf ug{' h?/L 5. clg h?/L 5, ;~rf/ / ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf, hf] Tolt ufx|f] s'/f xf]Og. tYof+Ín] b]vfp+5 uPsf] emG8} tLg bzsdf ko{6gsf] l:ylt ;'wfg{ xfdLn] w]/} ug{;s]sf 5}gf} . ko{6ssf] ;+Vof ;g\ !((! df emG8} tLg nfv lyof] hf] clxn] sl/a tLg u'gf ylkP/ gp–bz nfv k'u]sf] b]lvG5 t/ /fli6«o pTkfbgdf-hL8LkLdf_ o;sf] of]ubfg ;+w} @ b]lv # k|ltzt af6 dfly p7]sf] 5}g . xfd|fdf ko{6s emf]n], :6f]e]-cfˆgf] vfgf cfkm} agfpg a;df :6f]e g} af]s]/ cfpg] vfnsf_ a9L b]lvG5g\. cem lab]zLn] eGbf cGtl/sn] ljb]z 3'DghfFbf b'O{u'gf a9L vr{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . cGtl/s ko{6g j[l4x'g' klg /fd|} xf] t/ lab]zL d'›f / cfosf] nflu xfdLnfO{ rflxg] lab]zL / :t/Lo ko{6s g} x'g\ .

xfd|f] ko{6g pBf]usf] Hofb} /fd|f] kIf …xf]d:6]… xf] . o;af6 hgtf ko{6gdf ;f]em} hf]l8G5g\ . o;n] ul/aL lgjf/0fdf 7"nf] ;xof]u k'o|fp5 . cfˆgf 3/ clyltnfO{ lbg]n] sf]7f afx]s p;sf] s/];fjf/Lsf] t/sf/L, l5d]lssf] cGg / :yfgLosf x:tsnf af6 ;d]t cfo cfh{g ug{;S5g\. o;af6 s]lx 7"nf] xf]6n Aoa;foLsf] xftdf k/]sf] 7"nf] /sdsf] ;§f w]/} ;fdfGo u|fld0f kl/jf/sf] hLjg:t/df 7"nf] c;/ u5{ . t/ o:tf xf]d:6]sf] ;+Vof guGo 5. ko{6g dGqfnosf] @)&% sf] tYof+s cg';f/ xfn ;fd'bfoLs / lghL u/]/ hDdf @*# 3/df ($* sf]7fx? ko{6snfO{ :jfut ug{;Sg] l:yltdf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . dGqfnosf] o;} tYof+ÍnfO{ x]bf{ ut Ps aif{df o:tf %) sf]7f klg yKg ;lsPsf] /x]g5 . ;/sf/n] o:tf xf]d:6] ynf]x?sf] la:tf/sf] nflu :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;+u xft]dfnf] ug{ h?l/ 5 . lab]zL ko{6sn] Go'gtd s:tf ;'lawf vf]H5g\ / s]df /dfp5g\ eGg] 1fg ko{6g dGqfnon] :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] dfWodaf6 ;DefJo ufpF–al:tdf k'of{pg' k5{ / cfjZos ;xof]u ug{'k5{ . o:tf xf]d:6] rnfpg]nfO{ ;/;kmfO{ / ;'/lIft zf}rfnosf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbg'k5{ / ToxfF zf}o{phf{ af6 aQL afNg], kfgL ttfpg] / OG6/g]6 rnfpg] ;'lawf ko{6snfO{ lbg;Sg' k5{ . o:sf] nfuL :yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{ hfu¿k u/fpg h?l/ 5 . k|fs[lts 57fn] el/k"0f{ xfd|f] b]zsf] nflu sd nufgLdf t'?Gt} ug{ ;lsg] / :j/f]huf/Lsf] 7"nf] ;Defjgf af]s]sf 5g\ o:t} xf]d:6]n] / s]lx dWod nufgLsf :t/Lo ko{6g Aoa;fon] . To;}n] ;+a[l4sf] xfd|f] cfzf ot} af6 ;Dej x'g] b]lvG5 .

lgisif{

lgisif{df b]zsf] ;Dj[l4sf] nflu s[lif, hnljB't / ko{6gsf] ;Daw{g ug{' h?l/5. s[lifdf, s[ifs ;Dd k'Ug]ul/ nufgL ug{ h?l/5. k|ljlw, lap–lahg, l;+rfO{ / ahf/sf] Aoa:yf s[ifssf] cfjZostf xf] . s[lifsf] k|jw{gsf] nflu a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] 7"nf] e'ldsf cfjZos b]lvG5| ax'pkof]u ug{ ;lsg] hnfzoo'Qm hnljB't cfof]hgf xfd|f] clxn]sf] cfsf]{ cfj:ostf xf], h;df casf] nufgL s]lG›t x'g' k5{| . axfjdf cfwfl/t eGbf hnfzoo'Qm cfof]hgfn] ljB'tsf] pTkfbg aif{e/L Psgf;] Ifdtfsf] / l;+rfO{sf] nflu ;xof]u k'of{pF5| k|fs[lts zf}Gbo{n] el/Psf] xfd|f] b]zdf ko{6g ;xh 5 t/ o;sf]nflu xf]d:6] h:tf ;f]em} ufpFsf hgtfsf] pTkfbgdf hf]l8g] / 7"nf] ;+Vofdf /f]huf/L lbg] Aoa:yfnfO{ k|jw{g ug{ :yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{ ;jn agfpg' h?l/5 .

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