नेपालको आर्थिक विकासमा बैंकहरुका भूमिका

g]kfnsf] cfly{s ljsf;df a}+sx?sf] e"ldsf

b]z ljsf;sf] nflu a}+sx?sf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ 5. g]kfnsf] nflu s[lif ko{6g tyf phf{ dxTjk"0f{ dflgPsf] x'gfn] oL If]qdf nufgL sf] ;'lglZrttf ug{ g]kfn /fi6« a}+s n] @)&^÷&& sf] df}l›s gLlt NofPsf] lyof] h; cg';f/ cg';f/ g]kfnsf afl0fHo a}+sx?n] s'n shf{sf] slDtdf !) k|ltzt s[lifdf / !% k|ltzt phf{ tyf ko{6gdf k|jfx ug{'kg]{ Aoa:yf 5. cy{dGqfno af6 k|sflzt cfly{s ;j]{If0f @)&^ cg';f/ ut cfly{s aif{ @)&%÷&^ sf] kmfu'g ;Dddf g]kfnsf afl0fHo a}+sx?n] s[lifdf ^=$( k|ltzt dfq shf{ k|jfx u/]sf] b]lvG5 -;+nUg tflnsf x]g{';: cg';"rL %=&, >f]t: g]kfn /fi6«a}+s_ hf] df}l›s gLlt cg';f/ sd g} xf]. t/, ;du|df oL tLg If]qx? –s[lif, ko{6g tyf phf{df a}+sx? af6 k|jfx ul/Psf] shf{ cg'kft eg] !*=^ k|ltzt /x]sf] cfly{s ;j]{If0fdf pNn]lvt 5, hf] ;+tf]ifk|b g} b]lvG5. ko{6g If]qdf ul/Psf] df}l›s gLlt cg'?ksf] nufgL n] cfpbf] ko{6g aif{nfO{ ;xof]u k'Ug] cfzf ug{ ;lsG5. eg], phf{ If]qdf ut s]lx aif{ b]lv a9]sf] gLhL If]qsf] ?rL / a}+sx?sf] nufgL n] lautdf g]kfnL hgtf n] ef]u]sf] r/d nf]8;]l8+usf] ;d:of af6 d'lQm ldNg] nIf0f clxn] b]lv g} b]lvgyfn]sf] 5, hf] ;'vb kIf xf].

cfly{s ;j]{If0fsf] o;} tflnsf x]bf{ ;a}eGbf w]/} shf{ k|jfx ePsf] …yf]s tyf v'›f Aofkf/Ú If]q b]lvG5 -s'n shf{sf] @!=&!Ü_. k/Dk/fut ?kdf g]kfnL ahf/df Aofkf/ Aoa;fon] shf{sf] dfu c?n] eGbf a9L ug]{ u/]sf 5Gf\. g]kfnsf] cy{tGqdf pkef]usf] cfsf/ cToGt 7"nf] / nuftf/ a9\b} uPsf] b]lvG5. To;}sf] kmn:j¿k b}lgs pkef]1 a:t'sf] a}b]lzs cfoft cTolws a9]sf] b]lvG5 h;n] Aofkf/ 3f6f klg a9fPsf] 5 / a}b]lzs d'›fsf] ;+ro 36fPsf] 5. /fi6«n] cfoft k|lt:yfkg ug]{ cfly{s gLlt NofP klg oyfy{df a}+ls+u If]q af6 x'g] shf{sf] cf+s8f tflnsfdf x]bf{ o:tf] b]vfk/]sf] 5}g.t/ o;} tflnsfdf x]bf{ s]lx cfzfsf ls/0fx? klg b]vfk/]sf 5g\. h:tf], s[lif If]q n] dfFu]sf] shf{sf] cfsf/df ut Ps aif{df emG8} ## k|ltztsf] a9f]Q/L ePsf] b]lvG5 eg], vfgL pTvgg / vfgL pBf]un] ut aif{ eGbf emG8} $@ k|ltzt a9L shf{ dfu]sf] b]lvG5. s[lif / vfgL oL b'j} If]q cfoft k|lt:yfkg ug]{ If]q eGg;lsG5. t/sf/L / cGo vfBfg\ 7"nf] dfqfdf g]kfndf cfoft x'Fb}cfPsf] 5 eg] vfgLhGo sRrf kbfy{x? klg g]kfnsf pBf]ux?df ljb]z af6 g} cfofltt x'g] u5{g. oL b'j} If]qdf b]lvPsf] nufgL n] cfpbf lbgx?df a}b]lzs cfoft 36fpb} nUg]5 eGg] cfzf of] tYof+s n] b]vfp5. t/ of] tflnsfdf b]lvg] shf{sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] a9f]Q/L, :yfgLo ;/sf/ n] u/]sf] b]lvG5, hf] ut aif{ eGbf sl/a ^) k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5-;+nUg tflnsf x]g{';: cg';"rL %=&, >f]t: g]kfn /fi6«a}+s _. of] shf{ olb :yfgLo ;/sf/ n] ljsf; lgdf{0fdf vr{ u/]sf] xf] eg] of] kSs} /fd|f] ;+s]t xf], t/ olb of] shf{ s]jn tna–-eQf h:tf rfn' vr{df ;sfPsf] xf] eg] o;n] ;du| cy{tGqdf gsf/fTds k|efj kfg]{5.         

 

s[ifsnfO{ a}+ls+u

g]kfnsf] ljsf;sf] nflu s[lif dxTjk"0f{ kIf xf] eGbf eGb} klg s[lifdf pTkbsTj lg/Gt/ 36\b} uP ;+u} o;df lge{/ x'g] kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof nuftf/ 36\b} uPsf] 5. hgu0fgf @)$* df s[lif Joj;fodf ;+nUg !% aif{ dflysfx?sf] hg;+Vof emG8} *# k|ltzt /x]sf]df kl5Nnf] hgu0fgf @)^* df of] k|ltzt 36]/ ^& k|ltzt k'u]sf] b]lvG5. o;/L b'O{ bzsdf b]lvPsf] emG8} !^ k|ltzt s[lif k]zfdf cfwfl/t hg;+Vof cGo If]qdf lj:yflkt x'g'sf] lk8f ;du| cy{tGq n] a9\bf] s[lif cfoft af6 ef]Ub} 5. 

;fy} /fli6«o s[lifu0fgfn] b]vfP cg';f/  s]jn @@ k|ltzt ls;fg n] dfq a}+s x? af6 C0f lnPsf] b]lvG5, zfob g]kfnsf ls;fgx?df a}+ls+usf] kmfObf af/]sf 1fgsf] sld x'g' n] / a}+ls+u k|lqmof emGeml6nf] x'gfn] o:tf] b]lvPsf] xf]. /fli6«o s[lifu0fgf cg';f/,  ls;fgx? n] k|foM ;xsf/Lx? af6 C0f lng] u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5. sl/a !& k|ltzt ls;fgn] ;xsf/Lx? af6 C0f lnPsf] b]lvG5. eg] sl/a $@ k|ltzt ls;fg C0f lnP/ Joj;flos s[lif ug{ rfxg] t/, a}+s;Fu pgLx?sf] kx'Fr gePsf]n] o:tf] ug{ g;s]sf] hjfa /fli6«o s[lifu0fgfdf ls;fgx? n] lbPsf 5g\. t;y{ a}+sx? n] cfˆgf] kl/lw u|fld0f If]qdf a9fpg cfjZos b]lvG5, ;fy} s[ifsx? ;Dd k'Ug] 3/b}nf] sfo{qmdx? df klg Wofg lbg'kg]{ b]lvG5.  

n]lj;sf] cy{zfqLo laZn];gdf g]kfn 

s[lifdf pTkbsTj lg/Gt/ 36\b} uPsf] kl/a]zdf s[lifsf] 7fpdf ;]jf If]qdf g]kfnLx? sf] ;+nUgtf nuftf/ a9\b} uPsf] 5. g]kfnsf] nfuL s[lif ls u}/ s[lif dxTjk"0f{ eGg] ax; ljåt;dfhdf rflng} /x]sf] 5 h;df cf–cfˆg} ts{ bLO{b} cfOPsf] 5. o;} ;+wj{df k|l;2 cy{zfqL ljlnod cfy{/ n]lj;n] k|ltjfbg u/]sf åLIf]qLo cy{gLlt -dual sector economic model_ sf] ljZjel/ g} rrf{ rNg]u5{. n]lj;, hf] la|6\; cZj]t cy{zfqL lyP, nfO{ ;g\ !(&( df cfˆgf] o;} cy{gLltsf] l;4fGtsf] nflu cy{zf:qsf] ;a}eGbf ;Ddflgt gf]a]n d]df]l/on k|O{h lbOPsf] lyof]. pgsf] l;4fGt cg';f/ ljsf;zLn b]z nfO{ s;/L ljsl;t agfpg ;lsG5 eGg] cjwf/0ff k|:t't ul/Psf] 5. n]lj;sf] cg';f/ k|fo: ;a} ljsf;zLn b]zx? hxfF %) k|ltzt eGbf a9L hg;+Vof s[lifdf cfwfl/t x'G5g s[lif k|wfg g} x'g] u5{g\.  o;nfO{ plg k|f/lDes ljsf;sf] l:yltsf b]z dfG5g\. g]kfn cem} olx l:yltdf ePsf] dfGg ;lsG5. of] l:yltdf jf6 ax';+Vos hg;+Vof pwf]udf cfwfl/t k]zfx?df ?kfGt/0f ePdf n]lj; Tof] l:yltnfO{ ljsl;t b]zsf] l:ylt dfG5g\. s[ifs k|fo: u|fld0f e]sdf a:g] / k|fljlws 1fg sd ePsf x'gfn] ltgsf] cfo k|lt:kwf{df lg/Gt/ 36\b} hfg] x'G5, h;nfO{ n]lj; a]/f]huf/L s} ?k 7fG5g\. o:tf u|fld0f e]ssf ls;fg kl/jf/nfO{ cfw'lgs /f]huf/L, cf}Bf]lus 1fg of k|ljlwsf] tflnd lbP/ ?kfGt/0f ug{ ;/sf/sf] gLlt x'g'kg]{ pgsf] ljrf/ 5. pgsf] cg';f/ o:tf] nufgLn] la:tf/} u|fld0f e]usf s[ifsx? s[lif jf6 pBf]u lt/ /f]huf/L lnP/ cfˆgf] kl/jf/ / b]z nfO{ ljsl;t ub}{ nUg;Sg] agfpg ;xof]uL x'G5. :jfefljs ?kdf o:tf tflndsf] nflu ;/sf/ n] nfdf] ;do lg/Gt/ ah]6 lbO/xg'kg]{ x'G5. t/ of] ?kGt/0fsf] qmddf lg/Gt/ k|ltJolQm cfo klg a9\b}hfg] x'G5 lsgls hgtf l;kd'ns x'b}, cfly{s pTkfbgdf a9f]Q/L ub}{hfg] x'G5g\. t/ o;sf] Aoa:yfkg / ;+rfngsf] nflu ;/sf/n] k'+hL h'6fpb} nfg'kg]{ x'G5. s'g} klg b]zdf Toxfsf] sfdug]{ s'n hgzlQmsf] cfsf/ sqf] 5, k|ltJolQm cfo slt 5 –To;}sf] lx;fadf slt aif{df Tof] b]z k"0f{ ljsl;t x'g;S5 eGg] cfFsng ul/G5, hf] k|t]s b]zsf] kl/l:ylt cg';f/ leGb} x'G5. :jfefljs ?kdf of] tflndsf] nflu cfjZos k'+hL ;/sf/ n] gLhL / ;/sf/L >f]tx? af6 h'6fpg' k5{ h;df a}+s nufot ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] dxTjk"0f{ / lg0ff{os e"ldsf x'G5. cg]sg s'g} a]nfsf ljsf;zLn b]zx? h:tf] o'uf]:nfleof, s]Gof, o'ufG8f, So'jf cflbn] ljleGg sfnv08df cfˆgf ljsf; of]hgfdf of] n]lj; cjwf/0ff k|of]u u/]sf pbfx/0f e]l6G5g\.  g]kfndf klg o;sf] cWoog ePsf] 5. tYof+s laefuaf6 @)&! ;fndf k|sflzt …rf}dfl;s tYof+s ultljlwÚ df k|f8f ljsf; /fh ;Tofnsf] n]vdf o;} cjwf/0ffsf] n]vfhf]vf u/]sf] b]lvG5, h; cg';f/, lta| ultsf] k|ultsf] nflu ;/sf/sf] df}h'bf nfufgLdf aflif{s yk sl/a ? % va{ of] k|of]hgsf] nflu vr{ ubf{ emG8} @$ aif{sf] cjlwdf g]kfn !@ xhf/ %@@ 8n/ k|ltJolQm cfo ePsf] ljsl;t /fi6«sf] :t/df k'Ug] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5. :jfefljs ?kdf n]lj;sf] cjwf/0ffsf] dd{nfO{ clxn] agfpb} ul/Psf] kG„f} k+rfjifL{o of]hgfdf gLhL–;/sf/L–jflxo k'+hL lgj];sf] dWod n] cl3 a9fpg] of]hgf agfpg ;s]df b]zn] vf]h]sf] cfly{s k|ult s]lx aif{sf] cGt/fndf x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvG5.  

t/, /dfpO{nf] s'/f n]lj;sf] cjwf/0ff cg';f/ g]kfn, ef/t, a+unfb]z, kfls:yfg h:tf blIf0f Pl;ofsf b]zx? df k"0f{tof nfu' ePsf] eg] b]lvPsf] 5}g. To;sf] cy{, oL b]zx?df s[lif If]qsf] ?kfGt/0f dGb ultdf eO{/xbf Tof] ?kfGt/0f cf}Bf]lus Ifqdf geO{ ;]jfsf] If]qdf x'b} u/]sf] b]lvG5. laut  s]lx aif{ b]lv s[lifdf g]kfnL kl/jf/sf] lge{/tf 36];+u} ;]jf If]qdf hg;+Vofsf] nuftf/ j[l4 x'Fb}uPsf] tYof+s n] b]vfPsf 5g\. olx lrq ef/t, a+unfb]z, kfls:tfgx? h:tf blIf0f Pl;ofsf b]zx?df ;d]t b]lvG5, h;nfO{ o; If]qsf] ljsf; la8Dagf-Development Paradox_ eg]/ w]/} cy{zf:qLx?n] eGg]u/]sf klg 5g\. t/ n]lj;sf] cjwf/0ffsf] :j¿k blIf0f Pl;ofsf b]zx?df cln eGb} b]lvP klg ljsfzl;n af6 ljsl;t x'g pgn] b]vfPsf] af6f] plx xf], h;nfO{ xfdL klg cjnDag ug{;S5f}.

b]zsf] cfly{s kl/j]z

…;Da[4 g]kfn / v'l; g]kfnLÚ of] clxn] aGgnfu]sf] !%/f} k+ralif{o of]hgfsf] ;/sfl/ gf/f xf]. of]hgfdf v'l; g]kfnL x]g]{ ck]Iff ul/bf clxn] g]kfn slt ;Da[4 5 / g]kfnL slt v'l; 5g\ of] oyfy{ klg dgg ug{'kg]{ x'G5. ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3n] x/]s aif{ k|sflzt ug]{  …ljZj v'zL k|lta]bgÚ cg';f/ ;g\ @)!& k5L g]kfn v';LofnL b]zsf] :t/af6 nuftf/ emb}{ uPsf] b]lvG5. ;g\ @)!& df ((zof} :yfgsf] v';LofnL b]zsf] :t/ af6 tn emb}{ g]kfn ;g\ @)!( df !))of} :yfgdf k'u]sf] 5. of] aif{ ljZjsf] klxn] :yfgsf] v';LofnL b]z lkmgNof08 ag]sf] 5 eg] g]kfn blIf0f Pl;ofdf kfls:tfg hf] ^&zof} :t/df 5 / e'6fg hf] (%zof} :t/df 5, eGbf k5L blIf0f Pl;ofdf t]>f] v'l;ofnLsf] l:yltdf b]lvPsf] 5. b]zsf gful/ssf] ;lqmotf, /f]huf/L, lzIff / kl/jf/sf] ;fldKo, ef]hgsf] pknAwtf / af;sf] Aoa:yf, b]zsf] Jofkf/ / cy{tGqsf] l:yt, jftfa/0f / :jf:Yo h:tf !$ laleGg cfwf/df of] k|lta]bg agfOg] ul/G5. g]kfnsf] l:ylt o;df w]/} 36j8 gePsf] cem s]lx tn emb}{ uPsf] b]lvPsf] n] xfdLn] v'zL g]kfnL aGg lgs} k|oTg ug{'kg]{ b]lvG5.

t/ v';Lsf] cf–cfˆg} kl/efiff lbOg] ul/G5 . h:tf], ;/sf/L tYof+s n] b]vfpbf g]kfndf a]/f]hfuf/Lsf] b/ cTolws sd b]lvG5, blIf0f Plzofdf g} ;a}eGbf sd. g]kfnsf] a]/f]huf/L b/ tYof+s laefusf] cg';f/ hDdf !!=$ k|ltzt 5. t/ of] sd a]/f]huf/Lsf] tYof+s ;+u;+u} ;/sf/L tYof+s n] g} a}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf] nflu sl/a !% zosf] ;+Vofdf sfdug]{ pd]/ k'u]sf o'jfx? x/]s lbg g]kfn af6 aflxl/g] u/]sf] atfpF5g\, Tof] klg s]jn lqe'jg ladfg:yn af6 dfq. of] ;/sf/L tYof+sdf g]kfn–ef/tsf] v'nf l;dfgf af6 ljb]lzg] g]kflnsf] n]vfhf]vf /fv]sf] 5}g h'g ;+Vof xjfO{hxfh r9]/ hfg]x? sf] eGbf sd 5}g. t;y{, lsg oqf] 7"nf] ;+Vofdf g]kfnL o'jfx? C0f lnP/ / cg]sg hf]lvd p7fP/ ;d]t ljb]z hfb}5g\ eGg] pQ/ xfd|f] sd a]/f]huf/Lsf] ;/sf/L tYof+s n] lbg ;Sb}g. :jfefljs 5, olb b]zdf /f]huf/Lsf] ;xh aftfj/0f ePsf] eP oqf] 7"nf] ;+Vofdf o'jfx? lab]zL e"lddf /f]huf/Lsf] nflu hfg'kg]{ lyPg xf]nf. s]lx ;do klxn] la|6]gsf] cg';+yfg ;+:yf cS;kmf]8{ n] g]knfdf u/]sf] cg';Gwfgsf] k|lta]bgdf ul/aLsf] /]vf d'lgsf hg;+Vof / a]/f]huf/ g]kfnLsf] cg'kft ;/sf/L tYof+s eGbf Hofb} a9L b]vfPsf] lyof] h;n] ;/sf/df 7"nf] txNsf dlRrPsf] lyof] / tYof+s laefusf k|d'vn] xfd|f] ;/sf/L kl/efiff cS;kmf]8{sf] kl/efiff ;+u ldNb}g aGg] aQmAo ;d]t lbg'k/]sf] lyof] hf] To; a]nfsf 5fkx? k9\bf e]l6G5. t;y{ oyfy{df b]zsf] a]/f]huf/Lsf] l:ylt cToGt eofax 5. kmn:j¿k of] l:yltdf 7"nf] kl/jt{g gx'Gh]n g]kflnx? v'l; x'g] lbg cem} cfPsf] b]lvGg .              

hgtf v'l; x'g plrt vfgf, z'4 lkpg] kflg, z'4 ;f; lng] xfjf, /f]huf/Lsf] ;'/Iff, nufotsf hLjg:t/ dfks /fd|f] x'g' h?l/ 5. t/ g]kfndf o:tf cfwf/e"t cfjZostfsf] l:ylt clwsf+z bogLo 5. vfBfGgdf ldnfj6 / laiffbLsf] dfqf cTolws 5, z'4 lkpg] kflg ax';+Vos hgtfnfO{ pknAw 5}g / h;nfO{ pknAw 5 Tof] klg kof{Kt 5}g. zx/sf jfl;Gbf, w'nf] / k|b'if0f n] cfqmfGt 5g\. ufpFx? pTkfbg ug]{ o'jf hgzlQm ljb]lzb} uPsf n] pTkfbgsf lx;fa n] cg'Tkfbs x'Fb}uPsf 5g\. b]zel/g} /f]huf/L ;'/lIft 5}g. lzIff Hofb} dxFuf] aGb}uPsf] 5. 8fS6/ / cf}iflw dxFuf] / e/kbf]{ 5}gg\. /f]u / /f]uLsf] af/] /fd|l/ a'‰b} ga'emL / 5nkmn g} gul/ 8fS6/ n] cf}ifwL l;kmfl/; ug]{ x'gfn] /f]u lgd{'n x'Fb}gg\ ;fdfGo af6 cem cfqmfGt x'Fb} uPsf 5g\. o:tf ljifd kl/l:yltdf g]kfnL s;l/ v'zL x'g;S5g<

g]kflnsf] cfDbfgL a9\b} 5. nuftf/ a9\b} uP/ k|ltAolQm !))) 8n/ gf3]sf] 5. t/ ;fy} ahf/df ?k}ofsf] lsGg] zlQm sdhf]/ aGb} uPsf] 5. !) aif{ klxn] !)) ?k}of n] t/sf/L lsGbf hlQ dfqfdf lsGg ;lsGYof] To;sf] cfwf klg cfhsf] !)) ?k}of n] lsGg ;Sb}g. of] ?k}ofsf] b'a{ntf xfd|f] k|lt JolQm cfodf u0fgf ul/Psf] 5}g. /fi6« a}+ssf] pkef]Qmf d'No;"rf+s -consumer price index_ x]bf{, jL; aif{ klxn] @)%^ ;fndf #% ?k}of kg]{ a:t'sf] cf};t d"No bz aif{ klxn] @)^^ ;fndf ^) ?k}of kg]{ /x]5 eg] utaif{ Tolx a:t'sf] d"No j[l4eP/ !@% ?k}of k'u]sf] b]lvG5. of] ;fdfGo pkef]usf] a:t'df ePsf] cf}zt d'No a[l4sf] tYof+s xf], oBkL /fi6«a}+sn] lgsfNg] of] pkef]Qmf d'No;"rf+s Hofb} cjd'lNot cyf{t\ sd b]vfOPsf] eGg] w]/} ahf/ laZn];sx? sf] wf/0ff /xb}cfPsf] 5. o;l/ x]bf{ g]kfnLsf] hLjg :t/df cfly{s / ;fdflhs cj/f]wx? lg/Gt/ a9\b} uPsf] b]lvG5. of] l:yltdf ;Da[4 g]kfn / v'zL g]kfnLsf] lrq dlngg} b]lvG5 h;nfO{ pHofnf] kfg{ w]/} k|of; ug{ h?l/ b]lvG5.

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